ACP MKSAP Staff & Contributors 

ACP MKSAP Foundations of Clinical Practice

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP
Assessment and Education Programs 
American College of Physicians 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Ryan Mire, MD, Summer Intern
Romaissae El Gamani
Student, Connecticut College
New London, Connecticut

Peer Reviewer

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP

ACP MKSAP Gastroenterology and Hepatology Committee

Richard J. Saad, MD, MS, FACG, FACP, Section Editor
Division Chief, Gastroenterology and Hepatology 
Assistant Program Director, Gastroenterology Fellowship 
Maine Medical Center 
Portland, Maine 
Maine Medical Center Biddeford 
Biddeford, Maine

Joy W. Chang, MD, MS, FACP
Assistant Professor of Medicine 
University of Michigan Medicine  
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Richard S. Kwon, MD, MS, FASGE
Clinical Professor, Department of Internal Medicine 
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 
University of Michigan 
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Nisha Loganantharaj, MD
Assistant Professor Clinical Medicine 
School of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology 
Louisiana State University School of Medicine 
Director of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program 
University Medical Center - New Orleans 
New Orleans, Louisiana

Reena Salgia, MD, FAASLD, FACP
Transplant Hepatologist  
Henry Ford Health  
Associate Professor 
Wayne State University 
Clinical Associate Professor 
Michigan State University 
Detroit, Michigan 

Seth Sweetser, MD
Professor of Medicine  
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine  
Rochester, Minnesota

Andrew W. Tai, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and of Microbiology & Immunology  
University of Michigan Medical School  
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP
Assessment and Education Programs 
American College of Physicians 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Missy Scalise, MD, FACP
Program Director, Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program 
Associate Professor 
Vanderbilt Health  
Lebanon, Tennessee

Peer Reviewers

Brian Fung, MD, FACP
Chencheng Xie, MD, FACP

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose.

Joy W. Chang, MD, MS, FACP
Consultant
Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda Pharmaceuticals

Nisha Loganantharaj, MD
Speakers Bureau
AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Takeda Pharmaceuticals
Advisory Board
Eli Lilly

Reena Salgia, MD, FAASLD, FACP
Advisory Board and Speakers Bureau 
AstraZeneca, Eisai 
Educational Programming/Training 
Cook Medical

ACP MKSAP Hematology Committee

Christian Cable, MD, MHPE, MACP, Section Editor
Professor of Medicine 
Baylor College of Medicine 
Baylor Scott & White Health 
Temple, Texas

R. Campbell Garland, DO
Baylor Scott & White Health 
Temple, Texas

Martha Mims, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine 
Chief, Section of Hematology/Oncology 
Baylor College of Medicine 
Houston, Texas

Mary-Beth Percival, MD, MS
Associate Professor 
Division of Hematology and Oncology 
University of Washington 
Clinical Research Division 
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center 
Seattle, Washington

Shayna Sarosiek, MD
Senior Physician at Dana Farber Cancer Institute 
Assistant Professor of Medicine 
Harvard Medical School 
Boston, Massachusetts

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP
Department of Medicine 
Maine Medical Center 
Portland, Maine 
Professor of Medicine 
Tufts University School of Medicine 
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Amber Deptola, MD, FACP
Primary Care Physician, 502 Direct Primary Care  
Adjunct Faculty, University of Louisville  
Crestwood, Kentucky

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose.

Martha Mims, MD, PhD
Stock 
Amgen, Biogen Idec

Mary-Beth Percival, MD, MS
Grant/Contract 
AbbVie, Ascentage Pharma, Astex Pharmaceuticals, BioSight, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardiff Oncology, Glycomimetics, ImmunoGen, Oscotec, Pfizer, Telios Pharma, Vincerx Pharma

Shayna Sarosiek, MD
Research Grants/Contracts
ADC Therapeutics, Sobi

ACP MKSAP Infectious Disease Committee

Karen C. Bloch, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FACP, Section Editor
Professor of Medicine 
Associate Division Director for Clinical Affairs 
Division of Infectious Diseases 
Vanderbilt University Medical Center 
Nashville, Tennessee

Victoria Burke, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine 
Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director 
Undergraduate Medical Education Clinical Curriculum Consultant
Department of Medicine 
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans 
New Orleans, Louisiana

Shireesha Dhanireddy, MD 
Professor, Department of Medicine 
Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases 
University of Washington 
Seattle, Washington 
Section Head, Infectious Diseases Division 
Harborview Medical Center, UW Medicine 
Seattle, Washington

Christina Fiske, MD, MPH, FACP 
Assistant Professor of Medicine 
Division of Infectious Diseases 
Vanderbilt University Medical Center 
Nashville, Tennessee

Daniel Minter, MD 
Assistant Professor of Medicine 
Division of Infectious Diseases 
University of California, San Francisco 
San Francisco, California

Christina Muzny, MD, MSPH, FACP, FIDSA 
Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Obstetrics & Gynecology 
Division of Infectious Diseases 
University of Alabama at Birmingham 
Birmingham, Alabama

Catherine Smith O’Neal, MD 
Chief Academic Officer 
Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady Health System 
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs 
American College of Physicians 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP 
Richard Vial Professor and Vice Chair 
LSU School of Medicine-New Orleans 
Department of Internal Medicine 
New Orleans, Louisiana

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose.

Christina Muzny, MD, MSPH, FACP, FIDSA 
Consultant
Abbott Laboratories, BioNTech 
Grants/Contracts 
Abbott Laboratories, Gilead Sciences, Lupin Pharmaceuticals, AimMax 
Speakers Bureau
Cepheid

ACP MKSAP Nephrology Committee

Michael J. Ross, MD, FASN, FACP, Section Editor 
Chief, Division of Nephrology 
Professor of Medicine 
Professor of Developmental and Molecular Biology 
Albert Einstein College of Medicine 
Montefiore Medical Center 
Bronx, New York

Molly Fisher, DO, MS, FASN 
Associate Professor of Medicine 
Albert Einstein College of Medicine 
Montefiore Medical Center 
Bronx, New York

Matthew Foy, MD 
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine 
Louisiana State University School of Medicine 
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Rachel Hilburg, MD 
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine 
Perelman School of Medicine 
University of Pennsylvania 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Mariela Navarro-Torres, MD 
Assistant Professor of Medicine 
Columbia University Medical Center 
New York, New York

Harold M. Szerlip, MD, MS(Ed), MACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKF 
Clinical Professor of Medicine 
Medical University of South Carolina 
Charleston, South Carolina

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs 
American College of Physicians 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Sarah Merriam, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine 
Director, Degree Granting Programs in Medical 
Education, ICRE 
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose.

Mariela Navarro-Torres, MD 
Consultant
Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Otsuka, Travere Therapeutics

Michael J. Ross, MD, FASN, FACP 
Consultant
Pfizer 
Grant/Contract 
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Harold M. Szerlip, MD, MS(Ed), MACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKF
Advisory Board and Speakers Bureau 
AstraZeneca 
Consultant
Travere Therapeutics 
Stock 
Merck, Pfizer

ACP MKSAP Neurology Committee

Robert G. Kaniecki, MD, Section Editor 
Director, UPMC Headache Center 
Chief, Headache Division 
Assistant Program Director, Neurology Residency 
Assistant Program Director, Headache Fellowship 
Associate Professor of Neurology 
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Anelyssa D’Abreu, MD, PhD, MPH 
Associate Professor of Neurology 
Department of Neurology 
University of Virginia 
Charlottesville, Virginia

Lindsay M. Higdon, MD 
Clinical Assistant Professor 
Thomas Jefferson University 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Houman Homayoun, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Neurology 
University of Pittsburgh 
Department of Neurology 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS, FAHA, FANA 
Associate Professor of Neurology 
Columbia University Irving Medical Center 
New York, New York

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP
Department of Medicine 
Maine Medical Center 
Portland, Maine 
Professor of Medicine 
Tufts University School of Medicine 
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Mary Beth Poston, MD, MACP
Clinical Professor/Vice Chair of Academics  
Department of Medicine  
IM Residency Associate Program Director 
Prisma Health, University of South Carolina 
School of Medicine Columbia 
Columbia, South Carolina

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose.

Anelyssa D’Abreu, MD, PhD, MPH 
Contracts/Grants 
Biogen MA, Cognition Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company 
Clinical Trial
Janssen

Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS, FAHA, FANA 
End Point Review Committee 
Abbott Fund, Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, VDyne

ACP MKSAP Oncology Committee

Caroline Block, MD, FACP, Section Editor 
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School 
Institute Physician, Breast Oncology Center 
Clinical Director, Breast Oncology Center 
Medical Director of Ambulatory Oncology, Longwood Campus 
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 
Boston, Massachusetts

Lee P. Hartner, MD 
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine 
University of Pennsylvania Health System 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jennifer Kimberly Lue, MD 
Clinical Director of Lymphoma Service 
Assistant Member 
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 
New York, New York

Leonard Saltz, MD 
Professor of Medicine 
Weill Cornell Medical College 
Attending Physician and Member 
Gastrointestinal Oncology Service 
Department of Medicine 
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 
New York, New York

Ilana Schlam, MD, MPH, FACP 
Medical Oncologist 
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School 
Boston, Massachusetts

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP
Department of Medicine 
Maine Medical Center 
Portland, Maine 
Professor of Medicine 
Tufts University School of Medicine 
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Kurt Pfeifer, MD, FACP, SFHM, DFPM 
Chief, Section of Perioperative & Consultative Medicine  
Medical Co-Director, Preoperative Clinic, Froedtert Hospital  
Medical Director, Preoperative Clinic, Froedtert Menomonee Falls Hospital  
Director, Learning Communities Program, MCWfusion  
Professor of Medicine - General Internal Medicine 
Medical College of Wisconsin 
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose.

Lee P. Hartner, MD 
Research Grants/Contracts
Amgen

Jennifer Kimberly Lue, MD 
Consultant
ADC Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genmab, Merck

Ilana Schlam, MD, MPH, FACP 
Consultant
AstraZeneca, Novartis

Section Editors

Rendell W. Ashton, MD, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Vice Chair for Education, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Associate DIO/Associate Director, Graduate Medical Education
Fellowship Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Karen C. Bloch, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Associate Division Director for Clinical Affairs
Division of Infectious Diseases
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Caroline Block, MD, FACP
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Institute Physician, Breast Oncology Center
Clinical Director, Breast Oncology Center
Medical Director of Ambulatory Oncology, Longwood Campus
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

Christian Cable, MD, MHPE, MACP
Professor of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Baylor Scott & White Health
Temple, Texas

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Robert G. Kaniecki, MD
Director, UPMC Headache Center
Chief, Headache Division
Assistant Program Director, Neurology Residency
Assistant Program Director, Headache Fellowship
Associate Professor of Neurology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP
Senior Consultant
Rheumatology Division Chair
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida

Farah Morgan, MD, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Internal Medicine/Endocrinology
Endocrine Fellowship Program Director
Cooper University Hospital
Camden, New Jersey

Michael J. Ross, MD, FASN, FACP
Chief, Division of Nephrology
Professor of Medicine
Professor of Developmental and Molecular Biology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York

Stuart Russell, MD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina

Richard J. Saad, MD, MS, FACG, FACP
Division Chief, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Assistant Program Director, Gastroenterology Fellowship
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Maine Medical Center Biddeford
Biddeford, Maine

Majken Textor Wingo, MD, FACP
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Senior Deputy Editors

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP
Consultantship
AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen Biotech, Novartis, UCB Pharma
Research Grants and Contracts
Bristol-Myers Squibb

Farah Morgan, MD, FACP
Owner/Partnership
Dashuri

Michael J. Ross, MD, FASN, FACP
Consultantship
Aria Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer
Research Grants/Contracts
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Stuart Russell, MD, FACP
Consultantship
Medtronic USA Inc.
Data and Safety Monitoring
Abbott

Lead Clinical Editor

Renata Thronson, MD, FACP 
Clinical Associate Professor
Division of General Internal Medicine
Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Clinical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Clinical Editors

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Contributors

Amindra S. Arora, MB BChir, FRCP(UK)
Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Department of Internal Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Nisha Bansal, MD, MAS, FASN, FAHA, FACP
Professor
University of Washington
Kidney Research Institute
Seattle, Washington

Gregory W. Barsness, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI, FACP
Consultant
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Amar Bharat Bhatt, MD
Neurologist and Epileptologist
Endeavor Health
Naperville, Illinois

Gerald S. Bloomfield, MD, MPH, FACC, FASE, FAHA
Associate Professor of Medicine With Tenure
Duke University
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Marc Braunstein, MD, PhD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine
Mineola, New York

Victoria Burke, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
New Orleans, Louisiana

Sean M. Caples, DO, MS
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Center for Sleep Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Neal F. Chaisson, MD
Director, Critical Care Medicine Fellowship
Respiratory Institute
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Joy W. Chang, MD, MS, FACP
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Michigan Medicine
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Marilou Ching, MD, MPH, FACP
Associate Professor of Neurology
Program Director, Vascular Neurology Fellowship Program
Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York

Carol M. Chou, MD, FACH
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Ryan Collier, MD, FACP
Infectious Disease Physician/Chief Medical Informatics Officer
Mike O'Callaghan Military Medical Center
Henderson, Nevada

Ricardo Correa, MD, EdD, FACP, FACE, FEAA, FAPCR, FACMQ
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Fellowship Director
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Louise M. Dembry, MD, MS, MBA, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA
Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Anisha B. Dua, MD, MPH, FACP
Professor of Medicine
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois

Francois Fadell, MD, FACP, FCCP, FRCP(G), ATSF
Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care
Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care
Associate Professor of Medicine
Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York

Christina Fiske, MD, MPH, FACP
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Galen Toye Foulke, MD 
Associate Professor
Dermatology and Public Health Science
Penn State University College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Michael Frank, MD, FACP, FIDSA 
Professor of Medicine and Chief
Division of Infectious Disease
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Gregory C. Gardner, MD, MACP 
Bruce C. Gilliland, MD - Lucille T. Henderson Endowed Professor of Rheumatology
Adjunct Professor of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Allan Charles Gelber, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Elizabeth Ann Gilman, MD, MSM, FACP 
Consultant, General Internal Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Edith L. Graham, MD 
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois

Kristine K. Grdinovac, MD, FACP 
Director, Cray Diabetes Self-Management Center
Associate Professor
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Pharmacology
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas

Lucinda M. Gruber, MD 
Senior Associate Consultant
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Nageshwara Gullapalli, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP 
Professor Emeritus
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Nevada, Reno
Reno, Nevada

Susan Hedayati, MD, MSc, FASN, FACP 
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
Vice Dean for Research
Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
Stony Brook, New York
Adjunct Professor
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Estevana Isaac, MD 
Cognitive Neurologist
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York

W. Schuyler Jones, MD 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina

Kurt A. Kennel, MD 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Rakhi Teena Kohli, MD, MS, FIDSA, FACP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP
Richard Vial Professor and Vice Chair
LSU School of Medicine-New Orleans
Department of Internal Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana

Aimee Lee Lucas, MD, MS, AGAF, FACG, FACP 
Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mount Sinai West & Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals
Professor of Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York

Jennifer Kimberly Lue, MD 
Clinical Director of Lymphoma Service
Assistant Member
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP 
Senior Consultant
Rheumatology Division Chair
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida

Bethany A. Marston, MD 
Associate Professor
Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology and Pediatric Rheumatology
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Rochester, New York

Brandon McMahon, MD 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Hematology
Department of Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado

Christie Gloria Turin More, MD, FACP 
Assistant Professor
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes
Department of Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, Colorado

Tathagat Narula, MBBS, MD, FACP 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Consultant, Lung Transplant
Medical Director, Adult Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville, Florida

Neena Natt, MD, FRCP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Darlene R. Nelson, MD, MHPE, FCCP 
Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Myles Stanley Nickolich, MD 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Penn State Health
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Jabraan S. Pasha, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Debendra Pattanaik, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Connective Tissue Disease (Rheumatology)
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Memphis, Tennessee

Mary-Beth Percival, MD, MS 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Hematology and Oncology
University of Washington
Clinical Research Division
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Seattle, Washington

Michael H. Pillinger, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
Director, Rheumatology Fellowship Program
Director, Translational Research Education and Careers, NYU Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Director, MS in Clinical Investigation
NYU Grossman School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health
Section Chief, Rheumatology
VA New York Harbor Health Care System, NY Campus
New York, New York

Temple A. Ratcliffe, MD, MS-HPEd, FACP 
Clerkship Director, Medicine
Hospitalist/Associate Professor
Division of Hospital Medicine
Department of Medicine
UT Health San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Eric I. Rosenberg, MD, MSPH, FACP 
Professor and Chief
Division of General Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
Associate Dean for Continuing Medical Education
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida

Stuart Russell, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina

Hilary F. Ryder, MD, FACP, FHM, HEC-C 
Professor of Medicine
Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University
Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program
Texas Health Fort Worth
Fort Worth, Texas

Reena J. Salgia, MD, FAASLD, FACP 
Transplant Hepatologist
Henry Ford Health
Associate Professor
Wayne State University
Clinical Associate Professor
Michigan State University
Detroit, Michigan

Leonard Saltz, MD 
Professor of Medicine
Weill Cornell Medical College
Attending Physician and Member
Gastrointestinal Oncology Service
Department of Medicine
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Ruby J. Sampson, MD, FACP 
Attending Physician
St. Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston, New Jersey

Sarah Sanghavi, MD, FASN 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Washington
VA Puget Sound Health Care System
Seattle, Washington

Shayna Sarosiek, MD 
Senior Physician at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Missy Scalise, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor, Program Director
University of Tennessee/Ascension-Saint Thomas in Nashville
Nashville, Tennessee

Ilana Schlam, MD, MPH, FACP 
Medical Oncologist
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Fernando F. Stancampiano, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville, Florida

Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS, FACP, FACC, FHRS 
Electrophysiology Director, Denver Health Medical Center
Denver, Colorado
Clinician-Scientist, CPC Clinical Research
Aurora, Colorado
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora, Colorado
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Rakesh Surapaneni, MD 
Program Director, Internal Medicine
Clinical Associate Professor
Baylor Scott and White Medical Center – Round Rock
Texas A&M College of Medicine
Round Rock, Texas

Rachel M. Taliercio, DO 
Vice Chair, Safety, Quality, and Patient Experience
Respiratory Medicine
Integrated Hospital Care Institute
Assistant Professor
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Christopher Vélez, MD, FACP 
Center for Neurointestinal Health
Division of Gastroenterology
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Amy Tu Wang, MD, FACP 
Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Medical Director, Women’s Primary Care Clinic
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, California

Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS, FAHA, FANA 
Associate Professor of Neurology
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York

Christina Wilson, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
University of Florida
McKnight Brain Institute
Gainesville, Florida

Gretchen Winter, MD 
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Audrey Wu, MD, MPH 
Clinical Associate Professor
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

CORE Reviewers

Shruti Anand, MBBS, MD
Shamsuddin Anwar, MD
Mani K. Askari, MD, FACP
Sunil Badami, MD
Rahul Banerjee, MD, FACP
Christopher M. Blais, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA
Matthew Carroll, MD, MACP
Nauman Arif Chaudary, MD, FACP, FCCP
Carmella Cole, MD, FACP
Douglas Einstadter, MD, MPH, FACP
Badi El Osta, MD, FACP
Maria Rosa Velasquez Espiritu, MD, FACP
Samuel Fantaye, MD, FACP
Brian Fung, MD, FACP
Naveen Prasad Gopalakrishnan, MD
Amit Gupta, MBBS, FACP
Joseph Hayes, MD
Santosh Kale, MD
Anahat Kaur, MD
Christian Koch, MD, FACP
Neiberg Lima, MD, FACP
Bharat Marwaha, MD
Naveen Kumar Mattewada, MD
Nicole McCann, MD
Sanwal Singh Mehta, MBBS
Nagaishwarya Moka, MD
Bala Nimmana, MD
Akihiro Ohmoto, MD, PhD, FACP
Subhendu Rath, MBBS
Felix Reyes, MD
Gurpreet Kaur Saini, MD
Eleanor Schwarz, MD, FACP
Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, MD, PhD, FACP
Pranjali Pradeep Sharma, MD, FAPCR
Saurabh Sharma, MD, FACP
Kateryna Shyshkova, MD
Daulath Singh, MD
Mary Elizabeth Swift-Taylor, MD, FACP
Sergio Castillo Torres, MD
Dasaradha Uyyala, MBBS, MD
Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, MD
Philip Verhoef, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACP, ATSF
Chencheng Xie, MD, FACP
Ajay Yechuri, MD, FACP

CORE ACP Editorial Staff

Steve DeMaio, Medical Editor, Assessment and Educational Programs
Beth Goldner, Senior Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Rahul Banerjee, MD, FACP
Consultantship
Adaptive Biotechnologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, Caribou Biosciences Inc., Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Biotech, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Legend Biotech, Pfizer, Sanofi, SparkCures
Research Grant/Contract
Pack Health

Marc Braunstein, MD, PhD, FACP
Consultantship
AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, ADC Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, CTI BioPharma, Epizyme, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, LAVA Therapeutics, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur Biologics, Seagen Inc.

Neal F. Chaisson, MD
Consultantship
Acceleron Pharma Inc. (acquired by Merck), Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Johnson & Johnson, United Therapeutics Corporation
Speakers Bureau
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Johnson & Johnson, United Therapeutics

Nauman Arif Chaudary, MD, FACP, FCCP
Consultantship
GRG Health, IDR Research, Insmed Inc., PARI

Joy W. Chang, MD, MS, FACP
Consultantship
Lucid Diagnostics Inc., Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company

Anisha Dua, MD, MPH, FACP
Consultantship
AbbVie, AstraZeneca, ChemoCentryx (Amgen), GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Sanofi

Christina Fiske, MD, MPH, FACP
Other (speaking engagements)
Insmed Inc.

Galen Toye Foulke, MD
Consultantship
AstraZeneca

Edith L. Graham, MD
Consultantship
Atara Biotherapeutics, EMD Serono Inc., Genentech, Horizon Therapeutics, Novartis, Tavistock Life Sciences

Amit Gupta, MBBS, FACP
Speakers Bureau
Abbott Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk

W. Schuyler Jones, MD
Research Grants/Contracts
Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck

Christian Koch, MD, FACP
Research Grant/Contracts
AbbVie
Consultantship
Ascendis

Rakhi Teena Kohli, MD, MS, FIDSA, FACP
Consultantship
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Theratechnologies Inc.
Equities
Azurity Pharmaceuticals

Aimee Lee Lucas, MD, MS, AGAF, FACG, FACP
Consultantship
AiOnco, ClearNote Health, Immunovia

Jennifer Kimberly Lue, MD
Consultantship
Epizyme Inc., Merck

Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP
Consultantship
AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Biotech, Novartis, UCB Pharma
Research Grants/Contracts
Bristol Myers Squibb

Brandon McMahon, MD
Consultantship
CTI BioPharma, Curio Science, GlaxoSmithKline, PharmaEssentia

Christie Gloria Turin More, MD, FACP
Consultantship
Chiesi Farmaceutici, Crinetics

Tathagat Narula, MBBS, MD, FACP
Advisory Board
United Therapeutics Corporation

Badi El Osta, MD, FACP
Research Grant/Contract
Merck

Mary-Beth Percival, MD, MS
Research Grants/Contracts
AbbVie, Ascentage, Astex, Biosight, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardiff Oncology, Glycomimetics, ImmunoGen, Oscotec, Pfizer, Telios, Vincerx

Michael H. Pillinger, MD, FACP
Consultantship
Federation Bio, Fortress Biotech, Horizon Therapeutics (Amgen), Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sobi
Research Grants/Contracts
Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Horizon Therapeutics (Amgen)

Stuart D. Russell, MD, FACP
Consultantship
Medtronic USA Inc.
Data and Safety Monitoring
Abbott

Reena J. Salgia, MD, FAASLD, FACP
Advisory Board
AstraZeneca, Eisai Inc., Exelixis, Gilead Sciences
Speakers Bureau
Eisai Inc.

Leonard Saltz, MD
Consultantship
Genor Biopharma

Shayna Sarosiek, MD
Consultantship
BeiGene USA, Cellectar
Research Grants/Contracts
ADC Therapeutics

Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, MD, PhD, FACP
Research Grants/Contracts
AstraZeneca, Axsome Therapeutics, Bellus Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corcept Therapeutics, Eisai Inc., Janssen Biotech, Janssen Global Services, SAGE Therapeutics, Shionogi Inc.

Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS, FACC, FHRS
Research Grants/Contracts/Support
Abbott, AltaThera Pharmaceuticals, Boston Scientific, Biosense Webster, Janssen, Sanofi
Consultantship/Advisory Boards
AltaThera Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Merit Medical Systems, Sanofi
Speakers Bureau
Pfizer
Data and Safety Monitoring
Element Science, InCarda Therapeutics, Milestone Scientific
End-Point Review Committee
Element Science, InCarda Therapeutics

Rakesh Surapaneni, MD
Consultantship
Bristol Myers Squibb

Rachel M. Taliercio, DO
Consultantship
Merck, Medtronic

Philip Verhoef, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACP, ATSF
Scientific Advisory Board
Prenosis

Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS, FAHA, FANA
Consultantship
Abbott Laboratories
End-Point Review Committee
Abbott Fund, Edwards Lifesciences Corporation

Christina Wilson, MD, PhD
Grants
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Bristol-Myers Squibb

Committee

Victoria Burke, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
New Orleans, Louisiana

Frances Collichio, MD 
Professor of Medicine, Division of Oncology
The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Mark Dominic Corriere, MD, FACP 
Clinical Associates
Baltimore, Maryland

C. Jessica Dine, MD, MSHP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Anthony Donato, MD, FACP, MHPE 
Professor of Medicine
Drexel University College of Medicine
Tower Health/Reading Hospital
Department of Medicine
West Reading, Pennsylvania

Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, MACP 
Emeritus Chair, Department of Medicine
Abington Memorial Hospital
Abington, Pennsylvania

Nasrollah Ghahramani, MD, MS, FACP 
Interim Chair, Department of Medicine
J. Lloyd Huck Chair in Medicine
Professor of Medicine and Public Health Sciences
Chief of Nephrology
Distinguished Educator
Penn State College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Robert Kaniecki, MD 
Director, UPMC Headache Center
Chief, Headache Division
Assistant Program Director, Neurology Residency
Assistant Program Director, Headache Fellowship
Associate Professor of Neurology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Debendra Pattanaik, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine and Division Chief
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Division of Connective Tissue Disease (Rheumatology)
Memphis, Tennessee

Brian S. Porter, MD, FACC 
Cardiologist
Exeter Hospital
Exeter, New Hampshire

Jennifer M. Weiss, MD, MS, AGAF 
Associate Professor
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Wisconsin
School of Medicine and Public Health
Madison, Wisconsin

Jennifer Wright, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Deputy Editor

Karen Law, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Board Basics ACP Editorial Staff

Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Mark Dominic Corriere, MD, FACP
Speakers Bureau
Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Pharmaceuticals

Committee

Andrew Wang, MD, Section Editor 
Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina

Gregory W. Barsness, MD, FACC, FAHA, FSCAI, FACP 
Consultant
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Gerald S. Bloomfield, MD, MPH, FACC, FASE, FAHA 
Associate Professor of Medicine With Tenure
Duke University
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Wendy M. Book, MD 
Professor of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

W. Schuyler Jones, MD 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Cardiology
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina

Anjali Tiku Owens, MD 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Stuart Russell, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Duke University School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina

Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS, FACP, FACC, FHRS
Electrophysiology Director, Denver Health Medical Center
Denver, Colorado
Clinician-Scientist, CPC Clinical Research
Aurora, Colorado
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora, Colorado
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Sreekanth Vemulapalli, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Medical Director, Duke Echo Lab
Duke University School of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, MACP 
Emeritus Chair, Department of Medicine
Abington Memorial Hospital
Abington, Pennsylvania

Cardiovascular Medicine Reviewers

Andrew Calvin, MD, MPH, FACP
Rajat Jhanjee, MD, FACP
Mohammed Hasan Khan, MD
Paul Maccaro, MD, FACP
Pradeep Manoharan, MD
Hamza Rayes, MBBCh
Charles Schulman, MD
Saurabh Sharma, MD, FACP, FACC, FASE
Phani Surapaneni, MD

Hospital Medicine–Focused Cardiovascular Medicine Reviewers

Karandeep Bumrah, MD
Meltiady Issa, MBA, MD
Don Mathew, MD
Rajasekhar Tanikella, MBBS, MPH

Cardiovascular Medicine ACP Editorial Staff

Georgette Forgione, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

W. Schuyler Jones, MD 
Research Grants/Contracts 
Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck

Paul Maccaro, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Medtronic Vascular Inc.

Anjali Tiku Owens, MD 
Consultantship 
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, Edgewise Therapeutics, Imbria Pharmaceuticals, Lexeo Therapeutics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pfizer Canada, Stealth BioTherapeutics, Tenaya Therapeutics
Other (Steering Committee) 
Renovacor

Stuart D. Russell, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Medtronic USA Inc.
Data and Safety Monitoring 
Abbott

Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS, FACC, FHRS 
Research Grants/Contracts/Support 
Abbott, AltaThera Pharmaceuticals, Boston Scientific, Biosense Webster, Janssen, Sanofi
Consultantship/Advisory Boards 
AltaThera Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Merit Medical Systems, Sanofi
Speakers Bureau 
Pfizer
Data and Safety Monitoring 
Element Science, InCarda Therapeutics, Milestone Scientific
End-Point Review Committee 
Element Science, InCarda Therapeutics

Sreekanth Vemulapalli, MD 
Consultantship/Advisory Boards/Speakers Bureau 
Boehringer Ingelheim, Edwards Lifesciences, HeartFlow Inc., ICON, Medtronic USA Inc., Veralox Therapeutics
Research Grants/Contracts 
Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Cytokinetics, Food and Drug Administration and NEST Coordinating Center
Other (Steering Committee) 
Medtronic Inc.

Andrew Wang, MD
Consultantship 
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, ICON
Data and Safety Monitoring 
ICON
Speakers Bureau
Bristol Myers Squibb
Research Grants/Contracts/Support
Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics

Committee

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP, Section Editor 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Amy H. Farkas, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee VA Medical Center
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Galen Toye Foulke, MD 
Associate Professor
Dermatology and Public Health Science
Penn State University College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Nageshwara Gullapalli, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP 
Professor Emeritus
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Nevada, Reno
Reno, Nevada

Jeremy Don Jackson, MD 
Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology
University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, Mississippi

Sarah Merriam, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Advisory Dean
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Director, Degree Granting Programs in Medical Education
University of Pittsburgh Institute for Clinical Research Education
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Temple A. Ratcliffe, MD, MS-HPEd, FACP 
Clerkship Director, Medicine
Hospitalist/Associate Professor
Division of Hospital Medicine
Department of Medicine
UT Health San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas

Eric I. Rosenberg, MD, MSPH, FACP 
Professor and Chief
Division of General Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine
Associate Dean for Continuing Medical Education
University of Florida College of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida

Missy Scalise, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor, Program Director
University of Tennessee/Ascension-Saint Thomas in Nashville
Nashville, Tennessee

Amy Tu Wang, MD, FACP 
Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Medical Director, Women’s Primary Care Clinic
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, California

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Lawrence K. Loo, MD, MACP, FRCP 
Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Medical Education
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Loma Linda, California

Contributing Deputy Editors

Sudeep K. Aulakh, MD, FACP, FRCPC 
Associate Professor
UMass Chan Medical School–Baystate
Director, Ambulatory Education
Baystate Internal Medicine Residency
Baystate Health
Springfield, Massachusetts

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Renata Thronson, MD, FACP 
Clinical Associate Professor
Division of General Internal Medicine
Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Clinical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Hospital Medicine–Focused Common Symptoms, Interdisciplinary Medicine, and Dermatology Reviewers

Anne Marie Angeles, MD, FAAD
Megan Berman, MD, FACP
Grant Chu, MD, MS, FACP
Douglas Einstadter, MD, MPH, FACP
Ibrahim Ghobrial, MD, FACP, MRCP, MBBS
Anil Harrison, MD, FACP
Erika Hoffman, MD, FACP
Ingrid C. Jones-Ince, MD, FACP
James Josyln, MD
Rebecca Kim, MD, MPH, FACP
Hariprasad Korsapati, MD, PhD
Deborah Kwolek, MD, FACP, NCMP
Jacob Mathew, DO, FACOI, FACP, CHSE, FAWM
Cara McDonagh, MD, FACP
Greti Petersen, MD, FACP
Juliana Sotherland, MD, FACP, NCMP

Common Symptoms, Interdisciplinary Medicine, and Dermatology Hospital Medicine Reviewers

Sarah Al-Obaydi, MD, MPH, FACP
Karandeep Bumrah, MBBS, MD, FHM, FACP
Sami Tahhan, MD, FACP
Raj Tanikella, MBBS, FACP

Common Symptoms, Interdisciplinary Medicine, and Dermatology ACP Editorial Staff

Beth Goldner, Senior Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Amanda Cowley, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Suzanne Meyers, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Jeremy Don Jackson, MD 
Consultantship 
argenx
Speakers Bureau 
AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen Biotech, Novartis, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Inc.

Galen Toye Foulke, MD 
Consultantship 
AstraZeneca

Committee

Leigh M. Eck, MD, FACP, Section Editor 
Professor of Medicine
Associate Dean - Student Affairs
Internal Medicine Program Director
Vice Chair of Graduate Medical Education
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas

Kristine K. Grdinovac, MD, FACP 
Director, Cray Diabetes Self-Management Center
Associate Professor
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Pharmacology
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas

Lucinda M. Gruber, MD 
Senior Associate Consultant
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Kurt A. Kennel, MD 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Christie Gloria Turin More, MD, FACP 
Assistant Professor
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes
Department of Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, Colorado

Farah Morgan, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Internal Medicine/Endocrinology
Endocrine Fellowship Program Director
Cooper University Hospital
Camden, New Jersey

Nicole Odette Vietor, MD, FACP 
Endocrinologist
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
Bethesda, Maryland

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP 
Richard Vial Professor and Vice Chair
LSU School of Medicine-New Orleans
Department of Internal Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana

Contributing Deputy Editors

Sudeep K. Aulakh, MD, FACP, FRCPC 
Associate Professor
UMass Chan Medical School–Baystate
Director, Ambulatory Education
Baystate Internal Medicine Residency
Baystate Health
Springfield, Massachusetts

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Endocrinology and Metabolism Reviewers

Pranjali Sharma, MD, FAPCR
Itivrita Goyal, MD
Daniel Stout, MD
Chantal Lewis, MD, FACP
Sapna Raghunathan, MD
Priyanka Majety, MD
Samih Odhaib, MD, FIBMS, MSc
Shiju Unni, MBBS, FRCP, FACE, FACP, MRCP PACES Examiner, PG Diploma Diabetes UK, MSc Diabetes, Sc Endo and Diab UK
Nicholas Tritos, MD, DSc, FACP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Endocrinology and Metabolism Reviewers

Kyaw Soe, MD, FACP
J. Matthew Neal, MD, MACP
Mikhail Shipotko, MD

Endocrinology and Metabolism ACP Editorial Staff

Erin Huston, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Christie Gloria Turin More, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Chiesi Farmaceutici, Crinetics

Farah Morgan, MD, FACP 
Owner/Partnership 
Dashuri

Committee

Majken Textor Wingo, MD, FACP, Section Editor 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Kimberly Bates, MD, FACP, FAAP 
Primary Care Track Director, Internal Medicine Residency
Dignity Health St. Rose Dominican Hospitals
Chief Medical Officer, Dignity Health Medical Group Nevada
Las Vegas, Nevada

Carol M. Chou, MD, FACH 
Professor of Clinical Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Elizabeth Ann Gilman, MD, MSM, FACP 
Consultant, General Internal Medicine
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Jabraan S. Pasha, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Mary Beth Poston, MD, FACP 
Clinical Professor
Prisma Health, University of South Carolina
School of Medicine Columbia
Columbia, South Carolina

Hilary F. Ryder, MD, FACP, FHM, HEC-C 
Professor of Medicine
Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University
Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program
Texas Health Fort Worth
Fort Worth, Texas

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Francesca C. Dwamena, MD, MS, FACP, FAACH 
Professor
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Foundations of Clinical Practice Reviewers

Megan Berman, MD, FACP
Michelle E. Duffelmeyer, MD, FACP
Ibrahim Isaac Ghobrial, MD, FACP
Rajesh Gulati, MD, MACP
Gairy Hall, MD, FACP
Andrew Lally, MD, FACP
Anthony Marino, MD, FACP
Alejandro Moreno, JD, MACP, MBBS, MPH
Sally Namboodiri, MD, FACP
Jacob Ninan, MD, FACP
Heather E. Nye, MD, PhD, SFHM, FACP
Titi Olanipekun, MD
Meagan Schaeffner, MD, FACP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Foundations of Clinical Practice Reviewers

Karandeep Bumrah, MBBS, MD, FHM, FACP
Rajasekhar Tanikella, MBBS, FACP
Tyler Schwiesow, MD, FACP

Foundations of Clinical Practice ACP Editorial Staff

Georgette Forgione, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

No individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed any relevant financial relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

Committee

Richard J. Saad, MD, MS, FACG, FACP, Section Editor 
Division Chief, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Assistant Program Director, Gastroenterology Fellowship
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Maine Medical Center Biddeford
Biddeford, Maine

Joy W. Chang, MD, MS, FACP 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of Michigan Medicine
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Aimee Lee Lucas, MD, MS, AGAF, FACG, FACP 
Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mount Sinai West & Mount Sinai Morningside Hospitals
Professor of Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York

Reena J. Salgia, MD, FAASLD, FACP 
Transplant Hepatologist
Henry Ford Health
Associate Professor
Wayne State University
Clinical Associate Professor
Michigan State University
Detroit, Michigan

Ruby J. Sampson, MD, FACP 
Attending Physician
St. Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston, New Jersey

Seth Sweetser, MD 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota

Andrew W. Tai, MD, PhD 
Associate Professor
University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Christopher Vélez, MD, FACP 
Center for Neurointestinal Health
Division of Gastroenterology
Department of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Janet A. Jokela, MD, MPH, MACP, FIDSA, FRCP (Lon) 
Clinical Professor, Senior Associate Dean of Engagement
Carle Illinois College of Medicine
Urbana, Illinois

Contributing Deputy Editor

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Gastroenterology and Hepatology Reviewers

Imo Akpan, MD, FACP
Fakhar Ali Qazi Arisar, MBBS, FACP
Nasser Boshra, MBBCh, FACP
Reema Dbouk, MD, FACP
Alexander Diaz de Villalvilla, MD, FACP
Norman Egger, MD, FACP
Masashi Izumiya, MD, FACP
Stephen Joseph Lanspa, MD, FACP
Nikhitha Mantri, MBBS
Sameer Prakash, DO, FACP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Gastroenterology and Hepatology Reviewers

Srikanth Puli, MD
Scott R. Wilson, DO, FACP
Nana Bonsu, MD, FACP

Gastroenterology and Hepatology ACP Editorial Staff

Suzanne Meyers, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Joy W. Chang, MD, MS, FACP 
Consultantship 
Lucid Diagnostics Inc., Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company

Norman Egger, MD, FACP 
Stock Holdings 
Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Vertex Pharmaceuticals

Aimee Lee Lucas, MD, MS, AGAF, FACG, FACP 
Consultantship 
AiOnco, ClearNote Health, Immunovia

Reena J. Salgia, MD, FAASLD, FACP 
Advisory Board
AstraZeneca, Eisai Inc., Exelixis, Gilead Sciences
Speakers Bureau 
Eisai Inc.

Committee

Christian Cable, MD, MHPE, MACP, Section Editor 
Professor of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Baylor Scott & White Health
Temple, Texas

Marc Braunstein, MD, PhD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine
Mineola, New York

Brandon McMahon, MD 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Hematology
Department of Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora, Colorado

Martha Mims, MD, PhD 
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Section of Hematology/Oncology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas

Mary-Beth Percival, MD, MS 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Hematology and Oncology
University of Washington
Clinical Research Division
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
Seattle, Washington

Shayna Sarosiek, MD 
Senior Physician at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Richard S. Eisenstaedt, MD, MACP 
Emeritus Chair, Department of Medicine
Abington Memorial Hospital
Abington, Pennsylvania

Hematology Reviewers

Vijay Damarla, MD
Bharath Ganesh, MD
Shinoj Pattali Jayavalsan, MD
Catherine Moltzan, MD
Roshni Narurkar, MD
Purva Sharma, MD
Srividya Srinivasamaharaj, MD
Kannan Thanikachalam, MD

Hospital Medicine–Focused Hematology Reviewers

Moises Auron, MD
Nina Paletta, MD

Hematology ACP Editorial Staff

Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Marc Braunstein, MD, PhD, FACP 
Consultantship 
AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, ADC Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, CTI BioPharma, Epizyme, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, LAVA Therapeutics, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur Biologics, Seagen Inc.

Shinoj Pattali Jayavalsan, MD 
Consultantship 
Natera

Brandon McMahon, MD 
Consultantship 
CTI BioPharma, Curio Science, GlaxoSmithKline, PharmaEssentia

Martha Mims, MD, PhD 
Stock Options/Holdings 
Amgen, Biogen Idec
Research Grants/Contracts 
Aveo, Celgene, Denovo Biopharma, Incyte Corporation, Millennium

Mary-Beth Percival, MD, MS 
Research Grants/Contracts 
AbbVie, Ascentage, Astex, Biosight, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardiff Oncology, Glycomimetics, ImmunoGen, Oscotec, Pfizer, Telios, Vincerx

Shayna Sarosiek, MD 
Consultantship 
BeiGene USA, Cellectar
Research Grants/Contracts 
ADC Therapeutics

Committee

Karen C. Bloch, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FACP, Section Editor 
Professor of Medicine
Associate Division Director for Clinical Affairs
Division of Infectious Diseases
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Louise M. Dembry, MD, MS, MBA, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA 
Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Christina Fiske, MD, MPH, FACP 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee

Erica Joy Hardy, MD, MMSc 
Director, Division of Infectious Disease
Women & Infants Hospital Care New England
Women & Infants Hospital
Associate Professor of Medicine
Associate Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH, FIDSA 
Professor of Medicine
Department of Infectious Diseases
McGovern Medical School
UTHealth Houston
Houston, Texas

Rakhi Teena Kohli, MD, MS, FIDSA, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP 
Richard Vial Professor and Vice Chair
LSU School of Medicine-New Orleans
Department of Internal Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana

Andrea J. Zimmer, MD, FACP, FIDSA 
Associate Professor
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD, MACP 
Professor of Medicine and Medical Science
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Contributing Deputy Editor

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Infectious Disease Reviewers

Michael Angarone, DO
Ryan Collier, MD, FACP
Jennifer Hsu, MD, FACP
Rajasekhar Jagarlamudi, MD, FACP
Aley Kalapila, MD, FIDSA
Amit Kalra, MD, FIDSA, FACP
Armando Paez, MD, FACP
Mana Rao, MD, FACP
Eric Sachinwalla, MD
Amit Sharma, MD
Hadeel Zainah, MD, FIDSA

Hospital Medicine–Focused Infectious Disease Reviewers

Muhammad Afzal, MD
Christine M. Osborne, MD
Maria Tudor, MD
Chit Su Wai, MD, MBBS, FACP

Infectious Disease ACP Editorial Staff

Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Michael Angarone, MD 
Consultantship/Data & Safety Monitoring 
AbbVie Inc.

Christina Fiske, MD, MPH, FACP 
Other (speaking engagements) 
Insmed Inc.

Erica Joy Hardy, MD, MMSc 
Research Grants/Contracts 
AbbVie Inc.

Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH 
Consultantship 
BioFire Diagnostics, Melinta Therapeutics

Rakhi Teena Kohli, MD, MS, FIDSA, FACP 
Consultantship 
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Theratechnologies Inc.
Equities 
Azurity Pharmaceuticals

Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD, MACP 
Data and Safety Monitoring 
Merck

Andrea J. Zimmer, MD, FACP, FIDSA 
Research Grants/Contracts 
Allovir, Ansun Biopharma, Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Chimerix

Committee

Michael J. Ross, MD, FASN, FACP, Section Editor 
Chief, Division of Nephrology
Professor of Medicine
Professor of Developmental and Molecular Biology
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York

Nisha Bansal, MD, MAS, FASN, FAHA, FACP 
Professor
University of Washington
Kidney Research Institute
Seattle, Washington

Andrew S. Bomback, MD, MPH 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York

Samira Farouk, MD, MSCR, FASN, FACP, FNKF, FAST 
Associate Professor of Medicine and Medical Education
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, New York

Susan Hedayati, MD, MSc, FASN, FACP 
Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
Vice Dean for Research
Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
Stony Brook, New York
Adjunct Professor
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas

Amanda C. Raff, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Associate Chair of Medicine for Undergraduate Medical Education
Interim Associate Dean for Medical Education
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Harold M. Szerlip, MD, MS(Ed), MACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKF 
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Theresa Rohr-Kirchgraber, MD, MACP, FAMWA 
AU/UGA Medical Partnership
Athens, Georgia

Contributing Deputy Editor

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Nephrology Reviewers

Arshad Ali, MD, FACP, FASN
Abdo Asmar, MD, FACP
Mohankumar Doraiswamy, MBBS, MD
Frantz Duffoo, MD, FACP
Kevin Flood, MD, USAF, FACP
Lakshmi Kannan, MD, FACP
Mira Keddis, MD, FACP
Wei Ling Lau, MD, FACP
Naveen Kumar Mattewada, MBBS, DM
Karthik Ramani, MD, MHA, FACP
Mohammad Samih, MD, MBBS, FACP, FASN, FASDIN
Ankur Shah, MD
Fahad Zafar, MD, FACP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Nephrology Reviewers

Yasser Abdelbaki, MD, FACP
Rahul Pathak, MBBS, MD, FACP
Magdalena Ptaszny, MD, FACP

Nephrology ACP Editorial Staff

Beth Goldner, Senior Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Andrew S. Bomback, MD, MPH 
Consultantship 
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen/ChemoCentryx, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Calliditas Therapeutics, Genentech USA, GlaxoSmithKline, Horizon Pharma, Novartis, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Q32 Bio, Travere Therapeutics (formerly Retrophin Inc.), Visterra

Samira Farouk, MD, MSCR, FASN, FACP, FNKF, FAST 
Advisory Board 
Pfizer, Chinook Therapeutics

Mira Keddis, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Allena Pharmaceuticals

Wei Ling Lau, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Ardelyx, Bayer
Grants/Contracts 
Hub Therapeutics

Karthik Ramani, MD, MHA, FACP 
Consultantship 
Bard Pharmaceuticals
Data and Safety Monitoring 
Sonavex

Michael J. Ross, MD, FASN, FACP 
Consultantship 
Aria Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Vertex Pharmaceuticals

Ankur Shah, MD 
Consultantship 
CareDx, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals

Harold M. Szerlip, MD, MS(Ed), MACP, FCCP, FASN, FNKF 
Speakers Bureau
AstraZeneca, La Jolla Pharmaceuticals, Tricida
Advisory Board 
AstraZeneca, Travere Therapeutics
Stock Options/Holdings 
Merck, Pfizer

Committee

Robert G. Kaniecki, MD, Section Editor 
Director, UPMC Headache Center
Chief, Headache Division
Assistant Program Director, Neurology Residency
Assistant Program Director, Headache Fellowship
Associate Professor of Neurology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Amar Bharat Bhatt, MD 
Neurologist and Epileptologist
Endeavor Health
Naperville, Illinois

Edith L. Graham, MD 
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois

Houman Homayoun, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Neurology
University of Pittsburgh
Department of Neurology
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Estevana Isaac, MD 
Cognitive Neurologist
Mount Sinai Hospital
New York, New York

Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS, FAHA, FANA 
Associate Professor of Neurology
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
New York, New York

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Francesca C. Dwamena, MD, MS, FACP, FAACH 
Professor
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

Neurology Reviewers

Sergio Andrés Castillo Torres, MD
Amar Chadaga, MD, FACP
Marilou Ching, MD, MPH, FACP
S. Claudia Didia, MD, FACP
Linda A. Hershey, MD, PhD, FAAN
Lisa N. Miura, MD, FACP
Garey Noritz, MD, FACP
Rwoof Reshi, MD, FACP
Ali Seifi, MD, FACP, FNCS, FCCM
Jorawar Singh, MD, FACP, CHCQM-Phyadv

Hospital Medicine–Focused Neurology Reviewers

Adekunle Bamgboye, MD
Alan Hunter, MD, FACP
Falguni Kalra, MD, FACP, SFHM
Thomas Varghese, MD, FACP

Neurology ACP Editorial Staff

Erin Huston, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Edith L. Graham, MD 
Consultantship 
Atara Biotherapeutics, EMD Serono Inc., Genentech, Horizon Therapeutics, Novartis, Tavistock Life Sciences

Garey Noritz, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Sarepta Therapeutics Inc.

Ali Seifi, MD, FACP, FNCS, FCCM 
Consultantship 
Chiesi USA, Inc.

Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS, FAHA, FANA 
Consultantship 
Abbott Laboratories
End Point Review Committee 
Abbott Fund, Edwards Lifesciences Corporation

Committee

Caroline Block, MD, FACP, Section Editor 
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Institute Physician, Breast Oncology Center
Clinical Director, Breast Oncology Center
Medical Director of Ambulatory Oncology, Longwood Campus
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts

Lee P. Hartner, MD 
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Health System
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Jennifer Kimberly Lue, MD 
Clinical Director of Lymphoma Service
Assistant Member
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Mary Beth Poston, MD, FACP 
Clinical Professor
Prisma Health, University of South Carolina
School of Medicine Columbia
Columbia, South Carolina

Leonard Saltz, MD 
Professor of Medicine
Weill Cornell Medical College
Attending Physician and Member
Gastrointestinal Oncology Service
Department of Medicine
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York

Ilana Schlam, MD, MPH, FACP 
Medical Oncologist
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Lawrence K. Loo, MD, MACP, FRCP 
Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Medical Education
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
Loma Linda, California

Consulting Deputy Editor

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Oncology Reviewers

Martin J. Edelman, MD, FACP
Bonnie Gould Rothberg, MD, PhD, MPH, FACP
David Hogg, MD, FRCP(C)
Maria Juarez, MD, FACP
Hyunseok Kang, MD, MPH, FACP
Andrew Lally, MD
Thomas Lycan, DO, MHS
Alejandro Moreno, MD
Surabhi Pathak, MD
Aswanth Reddy, MD
Salahuddin Siddiqui, MD, FACP
Radhakrishna Vegunta, MD, FACP
Tallal Younis, MBBCh, FACP, FRCP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Oncology Reviewers

Karandeep Bumrah, MD
Tara A. Ryan, MD
Anil Shah, MD
Harshavardhan Tathireddy, MD, FACP

Oncology ACP Editorial Staff

Amanda Cowley, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Suzanne Meyers, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Martin J. Edelman, MD, FACP
Consultantship 
Flame, Kanaph, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Oncology, WindMIL Therapeutics
Data Safety and Monitoring 
AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Seattle Genetics Inc.
Stock 
Creatv MicroTech Inc.

Bonnie Gould Rothberg, MD, PhD, MPH, FACP 
Stock 
454 Corporation, AbbVie, AI Therapeutics Inc., Amgen, BioCryst Pharmaceuticals Inc., Butterfly Network Inc., Detect Labs, Gilead Sciences Inc., Hyperfine Research Inc., Identifeye, Protein Evolution Inc., Quantim-Si, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Roche Holding

Lee P. Hartner, MD 
Research Grants/Contracts 
Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc.

Hyunseok Kang, MD, MPH, FACP 
Consultantship 
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bertis, Coherus Biosciences Inc., PIN Therapeutics, Remix Therapeutics
Grants/Contracts 
Elevar Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Exelixis Inc., Kura Oncology, NeoImmune Tech, PDS Biotechnology, Prelude Therapeutics
Data Safety and Monitoring 
MitoImmune

Jennifer Kimberly Lue, MD 
Consultantship 
Epizyme Inc., Merck

Leonard Saltz, MD 
Consultantship 
Genor Biopharma

Radhakrishna Vegunta, MD, FACP
Consultantship 
AstraZeneca, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Eisai, Exelixis, Gilead Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Puma Biotechnology

Committee

Rendell W. Ashton, MD, FACP, Section Editor 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Vice Chair for Education, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Associate DIO/Associate Director, Graduate Medical Education
Fellowship Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Sean M. Caples, DO, MS 
Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
Center for Sleep Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Neal F. Chaisson, MD 
Director, Critical Care Medicine Fellowship
Respiratory Institute
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Sarah Hadique, MD, FACP, FCCP 
Professor and Fellowship Program Director
Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia

Tathagat Narula, MBBS, MD, FACP 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Consultant, Lung Transplant
Medical Director, Adult Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit
Mayo Clinic Florida
Jacksonville, Florida

Darlene R. Nelson, MD, MHPE, FCCP 
Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Rachel M. Taliercio, DO 
Vice Chair, Safety, Quality, and Patient Experience
Respiratory Medicine
Integrated Hospital Care Institute
Assistant Professor
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio

Gretchen Winter, MD 
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama

Senior Deputy Editor

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Deputy Editor

Janet A. Jokela, MD, MPH, MACP, FIDSA, FRCP (Lon) 
Clinical Professor, Senior Associate Dean of Engagement
Carle Illinois College of Medicine
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois

Contributing Deputy Editors

Sudeep K. Aulakh, MD, FACP, FRCPC
Associate Professor
UMass Chan Medical School–Baystate
Director, Ambulatory Education
Baystate Internal Medicine Residency
Baystate Health
Springfield, Massachusetts

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Reviewers

Suneesh Anand, MBBS, FACP
Michael Duncan, MD, FACP
Francois Fadell, MD, FACP, FCCP, FRCP(G), ATSF
Nitesh Jain, MBBS, FACP
Adriana Olariu, MD
Madhu K. Pendurthi, MBBS, FACP
José M. Porcel, MD, PhD, MACP, FCCP, FERS, FAPSR, FEFIM
Raul Sanchez-Leon, MD, FACP
Raghavendra Sanivarapu, MBBS
Rakeshkumar Subramanian, MBBS
Ajit K. Thota, MD, FACP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Reviewers

Muhammad Bilal, MBBS, FACP
Bhanu Prasad Kosuru, MD, FACP
Megan G. Newman, MD, FACP

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine ACP Editorial Staff

Mollie Frost, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Suzanne Meyers, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Neal F. Chaisson, MD 
Consultantship 
Acceleron Pharma Inc. (acquired by Merck), Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Johnson & Johnson, United Therapeutics Corporation
Speakers Bureau 
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Johnson & Johnson, United Therapeutics

Tathagat Narula, MBBS, MD, FACP 
Advisory Board 
United Therapeutics Corporation

Rachel M. Taliercio, DO 
Consultantship 
Merck, Medtronic

Committee

Megan Berman, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, Texas

Victoria Burke, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
New Orleans, Louisiana

David Demoise, MD, FACP 
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Francois Fadell, MD, FACP, FCCP, FRCP(G), ATSF 
Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care
Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care
Associate Professor of Medicine
Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York

Lee Hartner, MD 
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine 
University of Pennsylvania Health System 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

Houman Homayoun, MD 
University of Pittsburgh 
Kaufmann Medical Building 
Department of Neurology 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Atul Khasnis, MD, MS, DipABLM 
Rheumatologist
Georgia Rheumatology Clinic
Peachtree City, Georgia

Jared Magee, DO, MPH, FACP 
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Gastroenterology
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and Uniform Services University
Rockville, Maryland

Neena Natt, MD, FRCP 
Associate Professor of Medicine
Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota

Mark Perazella, MD, FASN 
Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Section of Nephrology
Department of Internal Medicine
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut

Tyler Schwiesow, MD, FACP 
Program Director
University of Iowa, Des Moines Internal Medicine Residency Program
Des Moines, Iowa

Rakesh Surapaneni, MD 
Program Director, Internal Medicine
Clinical Associate Professor
Baylor Scott and White Medical Center-Round Rock
Texas A&M College of Medicine
Round Rock, Texas

Audrey Wu, MD, MPH 
Clinical Associate Professor
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Clinical Editors

Patricia Brown, MD, MACP 
Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan

Scott Herrle, MD, MS, FACP 
Associate Professor of Medicine 
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

Quick Qs Reviewers

Shamsuddin Anwar, MD
Mani K. Askari, MD, FACP
Sunil Badami, MBBS
Rahul Banerjee, MD, FACP
Adegbenga Bankole, MBBS, FACP
Matthew Carroll, MD, MACP
Sergio Castillo Torres, MD
Carmella Cole, MD, FACP
Bibban Bant Deol, MD
Jess Edison, MD, FACP
Badi El Osta, MD, FACP
Samuel Fantaye, MD, FACP
Junaid Farooq, MD
Brian Fung, MD, FACP
Naveen Prasad Gopalakrishnan, MD
Amit Gupta, MBBS, FACP
Joseph Hayes, MD
Jagmohan Jandu, MD, FACP
Santosh Kale, MD
Christian Koch, MD, FACP
Sashank Kolli, MBBS, MD, FACP
James Kumar, MBBS, FACP
Yi Zhen Lee, MD, FACP
Neiberg Lima, MD, FACP
Bharat Marwaha, MD
Sanwal Singh Mehta, MBBS
Lisa Miura, MD, FACP
Nagaishwarya Moka, MD
Jodian Pinkney, MBBS, DM, MPH
Subhendu Rath, MBBS
Rwoof Reshi, MD, FACP
Felix Reyes, MD
Gurpreet Kaur Saini, MD
Eleanor Schwarz, MD, FACP
Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, MD, PhD, FACP
Nupur Shah, MD
Mohammad Shehab, MBBCh, FACP
Kateryna Shyshkova, MD
Jagadeeshu Siram, MBBS, MD
Robert Streck, MD, FACP
Saad Tariq, MD, FACP
Dasaradha Uyyala, MBBS, MD
Maria Velasquez, MD, FACP
Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, MD
Ajay Yechuri, MD, FACP

Quick Qs ACP Editorial Staff

Erin Huston, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Rahul Banerjee, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Adaptive Biotechnologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, Caribou Biosciences Inc, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Biotech, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Legend Biotech, Pfizer, Sanofi, SparkCures
Research Grant/Contract 
Pack Health

Badi El Osta, MD, FACP 
Research Grant/Contract 
Merck

Amit Gupta, MBBS, FACP 
Speakers Bureau 
Abbott Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk

Lee Hartner, MD 
Research Grants/Contracts 
Amgen, Eli Lilly, Karyopharm  

Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, MD, PhD, FACP 
Research Grants 
AstraZeneca, Axsome Therapeutics, Bellus Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corcept Therapeutics, Eisai, Janssen Biotech, Janssen Global Services, SAGE Therapeutics, Shionogi Inc

Rakesh Surapaneni, MD 
Consultantship 
Bristol Myers Squibb

Committee

Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP, Section Editor 
Senior Consultant
Rheumatology Division Chair
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville, Florida

Anisha B. Dua, MD, MPH, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois

Gregory C. Gardner, MD, MACP 
Bruce C. Gilliland, MD - Lucille T. Henderson Endowed Professor of Rheumatology
Adjunct Professor of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Allan Charles Gelber, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland

Bethany A. Marston, MD 
Associate Professor, Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology and Pediatric Rheumatology
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
Rochester, New York

Debendra Pattanaik, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Connective Tissue Disease (Rheumatology)
The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Memphis, Tennessee

Michael H. Pillinger, MD, FACP 
Professor of Medicine
Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
Director, Rheumatology Fellowship Program
Director, Translational Research Education and Careers, NYU Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Director, MS in Clinical Investigation
NYU Grossman School of Medicine/NYU Langone Health
Section Chief, Rheumatology
VA New York Harbor Health Care System, NY Campus
New York, New York

Senior Deputy Editor

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Deputy Editor

Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD, MACP 
Professor of Medicine and Medical Science
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Consulting Deputy Editor

Renata Thronson, MD, FACP 
Clinical Associate Professor
Division of General Internal Medicine
Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Clinical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Rheumatology Reviewers

Shilpa Arora, MD, MS
Bibi Ayesha, MD
Adegbenga Bankole, MD, FACP
Matthew Carroll, MD
Sonam Kiwalkar, MD, FACP
J. Suzanne Moore, MD, FACP
Sreelakshmi Panginikkod, MD, FACP
Noelle Rolle, MBBS, FACP
Shailendra Singh, MD, FACP
Vivekanand Tiwari, MD, FACP

Hospital Medicine–Focused Rheumatology Reviewers

Rahul Gujarathi, MD, FACP
Julie Hildebrand, MD
Jasreen Kaur, MBBS
Karthik Yeruva, MD

Rheumatology ACP Editorial Staff

Suzanne Meyers, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Anisha Dua, MD, MPH, FACP 
Consultantship 
AbbVie, AstraZeneca, ChemoCentryx (Amgen), GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Sanofi

Vikas Majithia, MD, MPH, FACP 
Consultantship 
AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Biotech, Novartis, UCB Pharma
Research Grants/Contracts 
Bristol Myers Squibb

Michael H. Pillinger, MD, FACP 
Consultantship 
Federation Bio, Fortress Biotech, Horizon Therapeutics (Amgen), Scilex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sobi
Research Grants/Contracts 
Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Horizon Therapeutics (Amgen)

Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD, MACP 
Data and Safety Monitoring 
Merck

Committee

Victoria Burke, MD, FACP 
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Infectious Diseases Fellowship Program Director
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
New Orleans, Louisiana

Francois Fadell, MD, FACP, FCCP, FRCP(G), ATSF 
Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care
Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care
Associate Professor of Medicine
Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York

Galen Toye Foulke, MD 
Associate Professor
Dermatology and Public Health Science
Penn State University College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Gregory C. Gardner, MD, MACP 
Bruce C. Gilliland, MD - Lucille T. Henderson Endowed Professor of Rheumatology
Adjunct Professor of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington

Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS, FACP, FACC, FHRS 
Electrophysiology Director, Denver Health Medical Center
Denver, Colorado
Clinician-Scientist, CPC Clinical Research
Aurora, Colorado
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Aurora, Colorado
Associate Professor of Medicine
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah

Senior Deputy Editors

Gina Luciano, MD, FACP 
Assessment and Education Programs
American College of Physicians
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robert L. Trowbridge Jr., MD, MACP 
Department of Medicine
Maine Medical Center
Portland, Maine
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts

Virtual Dx Reviewers

Shilpa Arora, MD, MS
Mani K. Askari, MD, FACP
Sunil Badami, MD
Adegbenga A. Bankole, MD, FACP
Sary O. Beidas, MD, MBI, FACP
Christopher M. Blais, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA
Floyd W. Burke, MD, FACC, FACP, FASNC, FASE
Nauman Arif Chaudary, MD, FACP, FCCP
Grant Chu, MD, MS, FACP
Ryan P. Collier, MD, FACP
Natasha Dudiki, MD, FACP
Jess Edison, MD, FACP
Douglas Einstadter, MD, MPH, FACP
David L. Fischman, MD, FACP
Kevin Flood, MD, FACP
Brian Fung, MD, FACP
Erika Gale, MBBS
Anil Harrison, MD
Joseph Hayes, MD
Rezhan Hussein, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AAHIVS
Jeremy Jackson, MD
Alan Kaell, MD, FACP
Anahat Kaur, MD
Christian Koch, MD, FACP
Jared Magee, DO, MPH
Sanwal Singh Mehta, MBBS
Lisa Miura, MD, FACP
Akihiro Ohmoto, MD, PhD, FACP
Nathaniel Parker, DO, FACP
Bonnie F. Patrick, MD
Subhendu Rath, MBBS
Felix Reyes, MD
Gurpreet Kaur Saini, MD
Eleanor Schwarz, MD, FACP
Pranjali Pradeep Sharma, MD, FAPCR
Saurabh Sharma, MD, FACP
Mohammad Shehab, MBBCh, FACP
Mukul Singal, MD, FACP
Daulath Singh, MD
Jagadeeshu Siram, MBBS, MD
Kannan Thanikachalam, MD
Vivekanand Tiwari, MD, FACP
Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, MD
Philip Verhoef, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACP, ATSF
Chencheng Xie, MD, FACP
Ajay Yechuri, MD, FACP

Virtual Dx ACP Editorial Staff

Beth Goldner, Senior Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Erin Huston, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Patrick Szostak, Medical Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Linnea Donnarumma, Associate Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs
Jackie Twomey, Managing Editor, Assessment and Education Programs

The following individuals in control of content for this activity have disclosed relationship(s) with an entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients. Individuals not listed below have nothing to disclose. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.

Nauman Arif Chaudary, MD, FACP, FCCP 
Consultantship 
GRG Health, IDR Research, Insmed Inc., PARI

Jeremy Jackson, MD 
Research Grants/Contracts 
Argenx, Sanofi
Honoraria/Speakers Bureau 
AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen Biotech, Pfizer, Sanofi

Christian Koch, MD, FACP 
Research Grant/Contracts 
AbbVie

Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS, FACP, FACC, FHRS 
Consultantship/Advisory Boards 
AltaThera Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Merit Medical Systems, Sanofi
Data and Safety Monitoring 
InCarda Therapeutics, Milestone Scientific
End-Point Review Committee 
Element Science

Philip Verhoef, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACP, ATSF 
Scientific Advisory Board 
Prenosis