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Displaying 671 - 680 of 7611 in ACP Online
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Hospitalist Resources for Internal Medicine Physicians | ACP
Explore ACP hospitalist resources, including CME, MKSAP, clinical guidelines, career tools, publications, and point of care support for inpatient medicine.
Peer Perspectives: Sean E. Greenhalgh, MD, FACP, FHM
Sean E. Greenhalgh, MD, FACP, FHM Academic Hospitalist, Division Chief, and Regional Medical Director of Hospital Medicine at Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 1. What is your current professional position?
Peer Perspectives: Neeladri Misra, MD, FACP
Neeladri Misra, MD, FACP Academic Hospitalist and Core Faculty at the Sutter Roseville Medical Center Internal Medicine Residency Program, Roseville, CA Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine at California Northstate University College of Medicine in Elk Grove, California
Peer Perspectives: Mercy Wariari Misoi, MD, FACP
Assistant Professor, General Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TXMedical Director, General Internal Medicine Inpatient Consultative Service University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
Peer Perspectives: Maruti Sharma, MD
Maruti Sharma, MDInternal Medicine PhysicianSharma and Sharma Medical, PLLCMount Vernon, NY1. What is your current professional position?
Peer Perspectives: Mark Owusu, MD, MPH
Mark Owusu, MD, MPHLocum HospitalistHCA Tristar System at Tristar Summit Medical Center, Hermitage/Nashville, TNTristar Parkridge Medical Center, Chattanooga, TNTristar Hendersonville Medical Center, Hendersonville, TNTristar Greenview Medical Center, Bowling Green, KY
Peer Perspectives: Jane M. Zhu, MD, MPP
Associate Professor of Medicine and Faculty Research LeadDivision of General Internal Medicine and GeriatricsOregon Health & Science University (OHSU) Portland, OR
Peer Perspectives: Elysia Engelage, MD
Elysia Engelage, MD Primary Care Internist, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco (KPSF) Associate Program Director, KP Northern California HIV Medicine Fellowship Core Faculty, KPSF Internal Medicine Residency Program San Francisco, CA 1. What is your current professional position?
Displaying 671 - 680 of 6848 in Annals of Internal Medicine
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Demonstration Project of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy in a Diverse Population of People With HIV
Background: Intramuscular cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is the only long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) regimen approved for people with HIV (PWH). Long-acting ART holds promise for improving outcomes among populations with barriers to adherence but is only approved for PWH who have virologic suppression with use of oral ART before initiating injectables. Objective: To examine LA-ART in a population of PWH that includes those with viremia. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Urban academic safety-net HIV clinic. Patients: Publicly insured adults living with HIV with and without viral suppression, high rates of unstable housing, mental illness, and substance use. Intervention: Demonstration project of long-acting injectable CAB–RPV. Measurements: Descriptive statistics summarizing cohort outcomes to date, based on pharmacy team logs and electronic medical record data. Results: Between June 2021 and November 2022, 133 PWH at the Ward 86 HIV Clinic were started on LA-ART, 76 of whom had virologic suppression while using oral ART and 57 of whom had viremia. The median age was 46 years (IQR, 25 to 68 years); 117 (88%) were cisgender men, 83 (62%) had non-White race, 56 (42%) were experiencing unstable housing or homelessness, and 45 (34%) had substance use. Among those with virologic suppression, 100% (95% CI, 94% to 100%) maintained suppression. Among PWH with viremia, at a median of 33 days, 54 of 57 had viral suppression, 1 showed the expected 2-log10 reduction in HIV RNA level, and 2 experienced early virologic failure. Overall, 97.5% (CI, 89.1% to 99.8%) were projected to achieve virologic suppression by a median of 33 weeks. The current virologic failure rate of 1.5% in the cohort is similar to that across registrational clinical trials at 48 weeks. Limitation: Single-site study. Conclusion: This project demonstrates the ability of LA-ART to achieve virologic suppression among PWH, including those with viremia and challenges to adherence. Further data on the ability of LA-ART to achieve viral suppression in people with barriers to adherence are needed. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health, City and County of San Francisco, and Health Resources and Services Administration.
Infectious Diseases: What You May Have Missed in 2022
In 2022, COVID-19 remained the infectious disease at the top of most internal medicine physicians' minds. However, it was not the only infectious disease that was the topic of clinically relevant research that year. This article highlights some important infectious disease evidence unrelated to COVID-19 that was published in 2022. The literature was screened for sound new evidence relevant to internal medicine specialists and subspecialists whose focus of practice is not infectious diseases. The publications highlighted relate to various organisms in different patient populations. One article provides insight into the role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. The descriptive epidemiology of bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) and viral (mpox) infections are the focus of 2 other articles. Several articles address the management of resistant and difficult-to-treat infections: multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections, resistant HIV-1, rifampin-resistant tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, and invasive fungal infection in the setting of neutropenia. Another article provides data on effective HIV preexposure prophylaxis in women, an understudied population. Finally, given the urgent need to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics, an article on antibiotic stewardship for hospitalized patients with presumed sepsis in a non–intensive care unit setting is also included.
How Would You Manage This Patient With Clostridioides difficile Infection?: Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 176, No 8
The Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the American College of Gastroenterology recently released updated guidelines on management of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. Although these 2 guidelines generally agree, there are a few important differences in their advice to clinicians. In these rounds, 2 experts, an infectious diseases specialist and a gastroenterologist, discuss antibiotic treatment options for nonsevere disease, the role of fecal microbiota transplantation for fulminant disease, and the use of bezlotoxumab to prevent recurrence in the context of Ms. C, a 48-year-old woman with fulminant C difficile infection.
Chronotype, Unhealthy Lifestyle, and Diabetes Risk in Middle-Aged U.S. Women: A Prospective Cohort Study: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 176, No 10
Background: Evening chronotype may promote adherence to an unhealthy lifestyle and increase type 2 diabetes risk. Objective: To evaluate the role of modifiable lifestyle behaviors in the association between chronotype and diabetes risk. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Nurses’ Health Study II. Participants: 63 676 nurses aged 45 to 62 years with no history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes in 2009 were prospectively followed until 2017. Measurements: Self-reported chronotype using a validated question from the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. The lifestyle behaviors that were measured were diet quality, physical activity, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and sleep duration. Incident diabetes cases were self-reported and confirmed using a supplementary questionnaire. Results: Participants reporting a “definite evening” chronotype were 54% (95% CI, 49% to 59%) more likely to have an unhealthy lifestyle than participants reporting a “definite morning” chronotype. A total of 1925 diabetes cases were documented over 469 120 person-years of follow-up. Compared with the “definite morning” chronotype, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes was 1.21 (CI, 1.09 to 1.35) for the “intermediate” chronotype and 1.72 (CI, 1.50 to 1.98) for the “definite evening” chronotype after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, shift work, and family history of diabetes. Further adjustment for BMI, physical activity, and diet quality attenuated the association comparing the “definite evening” and “definite morning” chronotypes to 1.31 (CI, 1.13 to 1.50), 1.54 (CI, 1.34 to 1.77), and 1.59 (CI, 1.38 to 1.83), respectively. Accounting for all measured lifestyle and sociodemographic factors resulted in a reduced but still positive association (HR comparing “definite evening” vs. “definite morning” chronotype, 1.19 [CI, 1.03 to 1.37]). Limitations: Chronotype assessment using a single question, self-reported data, and homogeneity of the study population. Conclusion: Middle-aged nurses with an evening chronotype were more likely to report unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and had increased diabetes risk compared with those with a morning chronotype. Accounting for BMI, physical activity, diet, and other modifiable lifestyle factors attenuated much but not all of the increased diabetes risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Comparative Effectiveness of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Recurrent Gout Flares and Gout-Primary Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations: A General Population Cohort Study: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 176, No 8
Background: Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) decrease serum urate levels, but whether this translates into prevention of recurrent flares among patients with gout and gout-primary emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations is unknown. Objective: To compare gout flares and cardiovascular events among patients with gout initiating SGLT2is versus dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), another second-line glucose-lowering agent not associated with serum urate levels or cardiovascular risk. Design: Propensity score–matched, new-user cohort study. Setting: General population database from 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2022. Participants: Patients with gout and type 2 diabetes. Measurements: The primary outcome was recurrent gout flare counts ascertained by ED, hospitalization, outpatient, and medication dispensing records. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction and stroke; genital infection (positive control) and osteoarthritis encounter (negative control) were also assessed. Poisson and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used with 1:1 propensity score matching (primary analysis) and overlap weighting (sensitivity analysis). Results: After propensity score matching, the flare rate was lower among SGLT2i initiators than DPP-4i initiators (52.4 and 79.7 events per 1000 person-years, respectively), with a rate ratio (RR) of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.75) and a rate difference (RD) of −27.4 (CI, −36.0 to −18.7) per 1000 person-years. The corresponding RR and RD for gout-primary ED visits and hospitalizations were 0.52 (CI, 0.32 to 0.84) and −3.4 (CI, −5.8 to −0.9) per 1000 person-years, respectively. The corresponding hazard ratio (HR) and RD for myocardial infarction were 0.69 (CI, 0.54 to 0.88) and −7.6 (CI, −12.4 to −2.8) per 1000 person-years; the HR for stroke was 0.81 (CI, 0.62 to 1.05). Those who initiated SGLT2is showed higher risk for genital infection (HR, 2.15 [CI, 1.39 to 3.30]) and no altered risk for osteoarthritis encounter (HR, 1.07 [CI, 0.95 to 1.20]). Results were similar when propensity score overlap weighting was applied. Limitation: Participants had concurrent type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Among patients with gout, SGLT2is may reduce recurrent flares and gout-primary ED visits and hospitalizations and may provide cardiovascular benefits. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Travelers With Severe Dengue: A GeoSentinel Analysis: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 176, No 7
Background: Dengue virus is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is an important cause of illness worldwide. Data on the severity of travel-associated dengue illness are limited. Objective: To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes among international travelers with severe dengue or dengue with warning signs as defined by the 2009 World Health Organization classification (that is, complicated dengue). Design: Retrospective chart review and analysis of travelers with complicated dengue reported to GeoSentinel from January 2007 through July 2022. Setting: 20 of 71 international GeoSentinel sites. Patients: Returning travelers with complicated dengue. Measurements: Routinely collected surveillance data plus chart review with abstraction of clinical information using predefined grading criteria to characterize the manifestations of complicated dengue. Results: Of 5958 patients with dengue, 95 (2%) had complicated dengue. Eighty-six (91%) patients had a supplemental questionnaire completed. Eighty-five of 86 (99%) patients had warning signs, and 27 (31%) were classified as severe. Median age was 34 years (range, 8 to 91 years); 48 (56%) were female. Patients acquired dengue most frequently in the Caribbean (n = 27 [31%]) and Southeast Asia (n = 20 [23%]). Frequent reasons for travel were tourism (45%) and visiting friends and relatives (30%). Twenty-one of 84 (25%) patients had comorbidities. Seventy-eight (91%) patients were hospitalized. One patient died of nondengue-related illnesses. Common laboratory findings and signs were thrombocytopenia (78%), elevated aminotransferase (62%), bleeding (52%), and plasma leakage (20%). Among severe cases, ophthalmologic pathology (n = 3), severe liver disease (n = 3), myocarditis (n = 2), and neurologic symptoms (n = 2) were reported. Of 44 patients with serologic data, 32 confirmed cases were classified as primary dengue (IgM+/IgG−) and 12 as secondary (IgM−/IgG+) dengue. Limitations: Data for some variables could not be retrieved by chart review for some patients. The generalizability of our observations may be limited. Conclusion: Complicated dengue is relatively rare in travelers. Clinicians should monitor patients with dengue closely for warning signs that may indicate progression to severe disease. Risk factors for developing complications of dengue in travelers need further prospective study. Primary Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Society of Travel Medicine, Public Health Agency of Canada, and GeoSentinel Foundation.