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Search Results for "depression"
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Displaying 741 - 750 of 1698 in Annals of Internal Medicine
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Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for gastroenterology-related hospitalization in the United States. With significant morbidity and subsequent mortality related to both the acute presentation and subsequent sequelae, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are critical, especially in the first 24 hours of illness. It is also important to accurately recognize complications, such as pancreatic fluid collections and vascular events, and identify a definitive cause so that a strategy to prevent future attacks can be implemented.
Hearing Loss
Hearing loss is highly prevalent and may significantly affect how we age. Although the population is aging, relatively few adults receive treatment for hearing loss. Internists are a critical partner to audiologists and otolaryngologists in caring for the adult population with hearing loss. This review provides a primer on diagnosing and managing hearing loss.
Care of the Patient Using Cannabis
The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in legal access to cannabis, driven largely by activists and business interests. As a result, the population of cannabis users nationwide—especially daily users—has grown significantly. An estimated 4.5–7 million persons in the United States now meet criteria for cannabis use disorder annually. This article focuses on the effects of cannabis use, intoxication, and withdrawal while also reviewing the developmental pathways of cannabis use disorder as well as evidence-based pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments.
Hyperthyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis is a general term for excess circulating and tissue thyroid hormone levels, whereas hyperthyroidism specifically denotes disorders involving a hyperactive thyroid gland (Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma). Diagnosis and determination of the cause rely on clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Hyperthyroidism is treated with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, or thyroidectomy. Other types of thyrotoxicosis are monitored and treated with β-blockers to control symptoms given that most of these conditions resolve spontaneously.
Urinary Incontinence in Women
Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among women and contributes to decreased quality of life. Several effective treatment options are available for the most common types of UI (stress, urge, and mixed), including lifestyle and behavioral therapy, drug therapy, and minimally invasive procedures. Most women improve with treatment, and UI is not an inevitable part of aging. To maximize the opportunity for successful treatment, it is critical to align the treatment approach with patient goals and expectations for care, including an assessment of patient-driven priorities regarding potential adverse effects, costs, and expected benefit of different treatment approaches.
Celiac Disease
Gluten-related disorders, including celiac disease, wheat allergy, and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), are increasingly reported worldwide. Celiac disease is caused by an immune-mediated reaction to ingested gluten in genetically susceptible persons. NCGS is largely a diagnosis of exclusion when other causes of symptoms have been ruled out. All patients with celiac disease should be referred to a registered dietitian nutritionist with expertise in celiac disease and a gastroenterologist who specializes in celiac disease and malabsorptive disorders, and they should remain on a strict gluten-free diet indefinitely. This article provides an overview of gluten- and wheat-related disorders.
Asthma
This review provides an evidence-based guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of patients with asthma. It addresses typical questions that arise in the clinic-based care of patients with asthma and provides a basic and comprehensive resource for asthma care.
Dementia
Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementia syndromes are becoming more common; an estimated 5.5 million adults aged 65 years or older are living with AD in the United States. It is important for primary care physicians to gain knowledge in this field because most community-dwelling older adults receive their care from them. This article discusses the latest findings in approaches to prevent cognitive decline as well as dementia screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Approaches to address quality of life for persons with dementia and their caregivers are also discussed.
Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) is a leading cause of death in the United States and many other countries. The defining pathobiology is an imbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its oxygen supply, which most often results from coronary artery atherosclerosis. The classic presenting symptom of SIHD is angina, but clinical presentation varies greatly among patients. Since the last In the Clinic on SIHD in 2014, several new drugs have been approved to reduce ischemic complications, such as myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure.
Preventing Firearm-Related Death and Injury
Deaths and injuries from firearms are significant public health problems, and clinicians are in a unique position to identify risk among their patients and discuss the importance of safe firearm practices. Although clinicians may be ill-prepared to engage in such discussions, an adequate body of evidence is available for support, and patients are generally receptive to this type of discussion with their physician. Here, we provide an overview of existing research and recommended strategies for counseling and intervention to reduce firearm-related death and injury.