Internal Medicine Essentials for Clerkship Students
Nephrology Section
Acute Kidney Injury (Chapter 56)
Fat Droplet - View a urinary fat droplet.
Muddy brown cast - View a urinary muddy brown cast.
Red Cell Casts - View urinary erythrocyte casts.
Livedo Reticularis - View an example of livedo reticularis.
Blue toe syndrome - View an example of the “blue toe syndrome”.
Chronic Kidney Disease (Chapter 57)
Microalbuminuria - View this tutorial on the detection of microalbuminuria.
Urinalysis - View this table on the interpretation of urinary sediment in chronic kidney disease.
Risk Factors - View this table of potential risk factors for the initiation of chronic kidney disease.
Acid-Base Disorders (Chapter 58)
Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis - Review a table for the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Review a table for the differential diagnosis of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.
Compensation Equations - View a table of different compensation equations for acid-base disorders.
Metabolic Acidosis - View a diagnostic algorithm for metabolic acidosis.
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders (Chapter 59)
Potassium - Review a table of the common causes of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.
Hyperkalemia - View an electrocardiogram of a patient with hyperkalemia.
Hypokalemia - View and electrocardiogram of a patient with hypokalemia.
SIADH - Review a table of the common causes of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Hyponatremia - Review a table for the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia.
Calcium and Phosphorus Disorders (Chapter 60)
Hypercalcemia - Use this algorithm to evaluate hypercalcemia.
Hypophosphatemia - View this table for the differential diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia.
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica - View an x-ray showing osteitis fibrosa cystica.
Nephrocalcinosis - View an x-ray showing nephrocalcinosis.